All dinosaurs, whether large or small, quadrupedal or bipedal, fleet-footed or slow-moving, shared a common body plan. Identification of this plan makes it possible to differentiate dinosaurs from any other types of animal, even other archosaurs. Most significantly, in dinosaurs, the pelvis and femur had evolved so that the hind limbs were held vertically beneath the body, rather than sprawling out to the sides like the limbs of a lizard. The femur of all dinosaur hull a sharply in-turned neck and a halt-shaped bead, which slotted into a fully open acetabulum or hip socket. A supra-acetabular crest helped prevent dislocation of the femur. The position of the knee joint, aligned below the acetabulum, made it possible for the whole hind limb to swing backward and forwards. This unique combination of features gave dinosaurs what is known as a “fully improved gait.” Evolution of this highly efficient method of walking also developed in mammals, but among reptiles, it occurred only in dinosaurs.
Question (1)
Do the following statements agree with the information given in the reading passage? Write:
TRUE if the statement agrees with the information
FALSE if the statement contradicts the information
NOT GIVEN if there is no information on this
The dinosaurs were known as “fully improved gait”
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Archosaurs and dinosaurs are of the same species.
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The evolution of walking evolved in all the reptiles and in the humans.
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The dinosaurs’ hind limbs are sprawling out of the sides like the limbs of a lizard.
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It is the knee joint position aligned below the acetabulum that makes it possible for the entire hind limbs to swing back and forth.
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Question (6)
Do the following statements agree with the information given in the reading passage? Write:
TRUE if the statement agrees with the information
FALSE if the statement contradicts the information
NOT GIVEN if there is no information on this
Many scientists thought it was irrelevant to release the aerosol sprays into the stratosphere above the Arctic.
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Sulphur dioxide aerosols will lead to global dimming
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Climate scientists say that Re-routing Russian rivers will not only increase the water flow in the ice-forming areas but will also help in slowing down the warming.
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Planting of birch trees in the Arctic region will absorb the radiation.
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The historic volcanic explosions on Mount Pinatubo in the Philippines occurred in the year 1991.
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