Published on: 01 Jan 1970

Reading.YNNG5

Adults and children are frequently confronted with statements about the alarming rate of loss of tropical rainforests. For example, one graphic illustration to which children might readily relate is the estimate that rainforests are being destroyed at a rate equivalent to one thousand football fields every forty minutes – about the duration of a normal classroom period. In the face of the frequent and often vivid media coverage, it is likely that children will have formed ideas about rainforests – what and where they are, why they are important, what endangers them – independent of any formal tuition. It is also possible that some of these ideas will be mistaken. Many studies have shown that children harbor misconceptions about ‘pure’, curriculum science. These misconceptions do not remain isolated but become incorporated into a multifaceted, but organized, conceptual framework, making it and the component ideas, some of which are erroneous, more robust but also accessible to modification. These ideas may be developed by children absorbing ideas through the popular media. Sometimes this information may be erroneous. It seems schools may not be providing an opportunity for children to re-express their ideas and so have them tested and refined by teachers and their peers.

Half a billion people in Asia and Africa depend on bananas. Bananas provide the largest source of calories and are eaten daily. Its name is synonymous with food. But the day of reckoning may be coming for the Cavendish and its indigenous kin. Another fungal disease, black Sigatoka, has become a global epidemic since its first appearance in Fiji in 1963. Left to itself, black Sigatoka, which causes brown wounds on leaves and premature fruit ripening – cuts fruit yields by 50 to 70 percent and reduces the productive lifetime of banana plants from 30 years to as little as 2 or 3. Commercial growers keep Sigatoka at bay by a massive chemical assault. Forty sprayings of fungicide a year is typical. But despite the fungicides, diseases such as black Sigatoka are getting more and more difficult to control. “As soon as you bring in a new fungicide, they develop resistance,” says Frison. “One thing we can be sure of is that the Sigatoka won’t lose in this battle.” Poor farmers, who cannot afford chemicals, have it even worse. They can do little more than watch their plants die. “Most of the banana fields in Amazonia have already been destroyed by the disease,” says Luadir Gasparotto, Brazil’s leading banana pathologist with the government research agency EMBRAPA. Production is likely to fall by 70 percent as the disease spreads, he predicts. The only option will be to find a new variety.

It is commonly thought that A.D.D. only affects children, and that they grow out of the condition once they reach adolescence. It is now known that this is often not the case. Left undiagnosed or untreated, children with all forms of A.DD. risk a lifetime of failure to relate effectively to others at home, school, college, and work. This brings significant emotional disturbances into play and is very likely to negatively affect self-esteem. Fortunately, early identification of the problem, together with appropriate treatment, makes it possible for many victims to overcome the substantial obstacles that A.D.D. places in the way of successful learning. One approximately 15% of A.D.H.D. children do, however, have learning disabilities.

Section 1: Questions 1-5

Question (1)

Do the following statement agree with the information given in the reading passage? Write:
 
YES                  if the statement agrees with the claims of the writer
NO                   if the statement contradicts the claims of the writer
NOT GIVEN    if it is impossible to say what the writer thinks about this

1

Adults and students aren’t aware of the topics related to the loss of tropical rainforests.

  • A
  • B
  • C
2

According to the passage, the duration of one classroom period is forty minutes, equivalent to the estimated number of rainforests being destroyed.

  • A
  • B
  • C
3

Children have formed illustrations about the rainforests through vivid media coverage.

  • A
  • B
  • C
4

Ideas developed by the children about the rainforests are always accurate and precise.

  • A
  • B
  • C
5

Students might ask the schools to allow them to re-express their ideas.

  • A
  • B
  • C
Next
Section 1
Section 2: Questions 6-10

Question (6)

Do the following statement agree with the information given in the reading passage? Write:
 
YES                   if the statement agrees with the claims of the writer
NO                     if the statement contradicts the claims of the writer
NOT GIVEN      if it is impossible to say what the writer thinks about this

6

Bananas are among the most commonly consumed fruits in Asia and Africa.

  • A
  • B
  • C
7

Black Sigatoka is a common leaf-spot disease in banana plants caused by Fungus Mycosphaerella fijiensis.

  • A
  • B
  • C
8

Due to the Black Sigatoka, banana plants’ lifetime decreases from 30 years to 2 or 3 years.

  • A
  • B
  • C
9

Frison says that the banana fields in Amazonia have been affected by the black Sigatoka.

  • A
  • B
  • C
10

According to Luadir’s predictions, if the black Sigatoka spreads, production will drop down by 70%.

  • A
  • B
  • C
Previous Next
Section 2
Section 3: Questions 11-15

Question (11)

Do the following statement agree with the information given in the reading passage? Write:
 
YES                   if the statement agrees with the claims of the writer
NO                    if the statement contradicts the claims of the writer
NOT GIVEN     if it is impossible to say what the writer thinks about this

11

Children with Attention Deficit Disorder (A.D.D) usually improve once they become teenagers.

  • A
  • B
  • C
12

Untreated A.D.D in children can lead to significant problems at home, school, college, and work.

  • A
  • B
  • C
13

Attention Deficit Disorder (A.D.D) is a neurobiological problem that affects 3-5% of all the children.

  • A
  • B
  • C
14

Early recognition of A.D.D and effective treatment will help children overcome the A.D.D obstacles.

  • A
  • B
  • C
15

Children with A.D.H.D have learning disabilities.

  • A
  • B
  • C
Previous
Section 3
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